Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) occurrence and remediation methods
نویسندگان
چکیده
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic substances occurring at various concentrations in atmosphere, soils, waters and sediments. PAHs, inherited both from natural and anthropogenic processes, are persistent organic pollutants (POP) due to their chemical stability and biodegradation resistance. The increase of road transportation, and of industrial and agricultural activities has led to a notable build up of PAH amounts in the environmental media. For cases of heavy soil pollution, the main remediation methods are containment, thermal desorption, incineration, and microbial degradation. Phytoremediation, a low-cost process based on microbial activation in the root zone, is a novel method under deep investigation. Résumé Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) sont des substances potentiellement mutagènes et cancérigènes présentes à des concentrations variables dans l’atmosphère, les sols, les eaux et les sédiments. Les HAP, issus de processus naturels ou anthropiques, sont des polluants organiques persistants (POP) de part leur inertie chimique et leur résistance à la biodégradation. L’accroissement des transports routiers, des activités industrielles et agricoles a induit une augmentation notable de la quantité d’HAP dans l’environnement moderne. Dans les situations de pollutions massives du sol, les principales techniques de réhabilitation sont l’isolement, la désorption thermique, l’incinération, et la biodégradation microbienne. La phytoremédiation des HAP, un processus bon marché fondé sur l’activation des micro-organismes du sol par les racines, est une nouvelle méthode en plein développement.
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